Global nitrogen emissions must be reduced by about one-third to achieve the targets set under the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, according to a new study.

The research highlights nitrogen’s dual role as both a vital element for food security and a major contributor to environmental and public health challenges when used excessively or inefficiently. While nitrogen fertilisers are essential for boosting agricultural productivity, their overuse leads to pollution of air, soil and water, intensifying environmental degradation and climate change impacts.

Researchers said uncontrolled nitrogen pollution is linked to declining ecosystem health, biodiversity loss and increased risks to human health, making it a significant obstacle in achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The study, conducted by scientists from Zhejiang University in China and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria, emphasised that effective nitrogen management is crucial for balancing agricultural needs with environmental protection.

They added that coordinated global efforts, improved farming practices and policy interventions are necessary to curb nitrogen emissions while safeguarding food production and advancing sustainability targets.

The findings underscore the urgent need for countries to adopt cleaner technologies and sustainable nutrient management strategies to meet the 2030 development goals.